By Eric B. Meyer
Last week, I briefly mentioned the EEOC’s recent decision, in which it concluded that Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, the federal anti-discrimination law that bans employment discrimination based on race, color, religion, national origin, and sex, also forbids discrimination based on sexual orientation (e.g., lesbian, gay, bisexual).
The EEOC concluded that sex discrimination also takes into account “sex-based considerations,” which includes sexual orientation.
In the short run, this decision will marginally impact your business, if at all.
A number of articles have described last week’s EEOC decision as groundbreaking, or landmark (I used this adjective too last week), and “a big step forward.” Indeed, within the closed context of the EEOC’s investigatory powers, expanding sex discrimination to include claims of sexual orientation means a lot.
It gives lesbian, gay, and bisexual employees greater workplace protections. The specter (and time and expense) of an EEOC investigation, if nothing else, is a powerful deterrent for employers to avoid even the appearance of impropriety.
Courts have already ruled on this issue
However, go beyond the four investigative walls of the EEOC, and the federal courts have well-settled jurisprudence in this area.
For example, as I told Ian Bush yesterday in an interview with Philadelphia’s KYW Newsradio, the Third U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals (also based in Philadelphia) ruled in 2001 that Title VII does not cover discrimination based on sexual orientation. Indeed, the Third Circuit emphasized that “Congress has repeatedly rejected legislation that would have extended Title VII to cover sexual orientation.”
Locally, in Philadelphia, legislators have acted. The Philadelphia Fair Practices Ordinance prohibits discrimination based on sexual orientation. State law; however, does not. Therefore, if you operate a business in Pennsylvania outside of Philadelphia, in a locality that has not banned sexual-orientation discrimination, you may face an EEOC charge, but you’ll likely prevail in court.
That is, unless you’re accused of sex stereotyping, which the U.S. Supreme Court banned in 1989. Additionally, a hostile work environment claim can still land you in hot water, too. However, these claims preexisted the EEOC’s decision from last week.
This decision could change anti-discrimination laws
During my KYW Newsradio interview, we discussed the impact that the EEOC decision could have on efforts to legislate federal change to LGBT rights in the workplace.
On the one hand, it could be a catalyst. On the other hand, it may cause lawmakers to defer to the courts to decide whether to re-consider prior rulings in light of new guidance from the administrative agency tasked with enforcing federal anti-discrimination laws.
In the meantime, your business is certainly free to implement measures to protect LGBT employees. Indeed, most big companies do.
To learn more about the EEOC’s efforts to protect the rights of LGBT workers, click here.