“Do you believe in miracles?”
Those words, uttered in the final seconds of the game, memorialized the great, and improbable victory by the U.S. hockey team over the Soviet Union during the 1980 Olympics.
It was such a great story of a group of underdogs pulling together as a team that it was dubbed the “Miracle On Ice” and it was made into a movie that was simply called Miracle.
What is it about certain teams that allow the individuals to rise above their own abilities to achieve results that they could never otherwise accomplish?
This article is part of a series that is dedicated to exploring the contribution of human capital assets (people!) to the value of a business. If you’re just joining us, welcome to The NEW ROI: Return on Individuals. In this article we discuss the science behind what makes teams successful.
Team is a group of individuals
It’s often said that there is no “I” in team. Or is there? Teams are, after all, comprised of a group of Individuals. (That’s with a capital I.)
But why is it that the teams with the best individual athletes don’t always deliver the championships?
Sports, be it at the pee-wee level, through the highly paid professional levels, provides the opportunity for a group of individuals to come together in pursuit of a common goal. Is it this higher pursuit and the understanding that it can only be achieved if everyone pulls together, the magic behind team building?
When we think about measuring employees “by the numbers,” the world of sports makes it easy for benchmark comparisons. There are certainly plenty of superstar athletes whose statistics far exceed their peers, so they’re paid accordingly. But why, then, are these superior performers often the biggest problems for their teams rather than the keys to winning championships? To use an expression that we’ve already discussed, these are the high-performing but toxic employees.
If you think about it, a sports team is essentially an assembled workforce with some particularly unique talents. And when we think about an assembled workforce in the business context, we generally don’t think about it in terms of its ability to perform in life-and-death situations.
But let’s go there for a just a moment.
Think about the interactions of a medical team in the emergency room. How those teams work together can literally be the difference between life and death for the patient. And in some occupations, the interactions of the team can difference between life and death for themselves.
It’s true when you think about an organization as the metaphorical patient in this scenario. And it’s also true when thinking about the chemistry of the sports teams that fail to live up to expectations.
There is a common thread in all of this.
More than the sum of the parts
At some point in your career, you might have been required to take a personality test, an aptitude test, or maybe even an intelligence test. Identifying these traits are useful tools, but unfortunately, hiring the “best and brightest” individuals doesn’t guarantee having the best team.
This begs the question: What is teaming? Can it be measured, and if so, how might that information improve the world of work?
To get the answer, I visited with Dr. Janice Presser, co-founder and CTO of Teamability. Dr. Presser has dedicated her career to answering that question.
Dr. Presser is a behavioral scientist. She has devoted most of her working life to the study of team interaction in its many forms, and is an authority in the measurement of individual and group teaming behaviors.
“A group of people become a team when they have a common goal. Great teaming happens when people team well with each other, and also with the mission of the team.” – Dr. Janice Presser
Teamability is the result of 25 years of behavioral science research and technology development. It combines technology with integrated team analysis and management methods based on fundamental differences in the way people seek to make meaningful team contributions. Think of it as the Sorting Hat from Hogwarts, without the need for a wand.
While tests for personality, aptitudes, interests, and values are designed to measure what’s going on inside of a person, Teamability was engineered to measure what is actually happening when people team together to achieve a common goal.
Google’s research into what makes effective teams found that, “Who is on a team matters less than how the team members interact, structure their work, and view their contributions.”
This might run somewhat counter to what you’ve previously been told about this topic.
For example, in his book Good To Great, Jim Collins talks about the importance of “having the right people on the bus, and having the right people in the right seat on the bus.”
A skeptic might also suggest that a company like Google will always attract the best talent, so the “who” part of the equation is a given.
Having spent as much time as I have with Dr. Presser in learning about teaming, I believe that the importance of having the right person in the right job with the right responsibilities should not be underestimated. According to Dr. Presser, the primary concept that drives teamwork is one’s role, which can be defined as, “A person’s desire to making a meaningful team contribution.” As Dr. Presser says, “You may not be aware of the details, but you do have a natural, preferred way of serving the needs of a team.”
Know your role
In the world of Teamability, a person’s role is not a job title, or list of job responsibilities. Rather, someone’s role is a highly reliable indicator of the kind of contributions a person will want to do, and will enjoy doing for the long haul.
This helps us understand why a company’s top salesperson struggles with (read: “hates”) doing administrative tasks like expense reports, and conversely, why the company’s top technical analyst struggles with being on a sales call.
“How you team with your direct reports influences how they team with their direct reports, and so on down the line. Are you driving the culture that you say you want?” – Dr. Presser
Taking this a step further, every role has a complementary Role Partner. This is key to building high-quality into the team structure. Not all teams require all of the role, and role partners need not always be on the same team. In US football, quarterback’s role partner won’t necessarily be his receivers — in fact, it may not even be anyone on the offense.
The role partner could be one of the trainers who helps the quarterback with physical therapy; or a coach with a bird’s eye view of the field.
In every team, people must find ways to serve each other’s needs. At the same time, each person has another relationship going on between themselves and the team itself. Both of these relationships are essential for the creation and maintenance of positive team chemistry.
According to Dr. Presser, “If you don’t start by understanding your mission – which should be driven by your long range vision – you won’t know what you are quantifying against. Once you know that, do you have people who meet the needs of that mission? And are you getting the synergies that would enhance every person’s baseline value?”
It’s not enough to just have a group of outstanding individual employees.
Inevitably, people will need to work together, and their ability to function as a team is perhaps even more critical than the individuals that comprise the team.
As Dr. Presser says: “It always goes back to the needs of the team… those who serve above and beyond will impact your bottom line, directly or indirectly.”
Back To The Ice
It’s important to remember that being a part of a team is more than just wearing the same “uniform” or having the same logo on your ID badge. Teaming is about getting the various individuals to rally behind a common goal (and each other), fostering a culture of collaboration that drives performance.
The goaltender for that 1980 US hockey team, Jim Craig, in a forward to a book about the win, wrote, “Herb Brooks… wasn’t coaching a Dream Team. He was coaching a team full of dreamers.”
Herb Brooks emphasized that the name on the front of the jersey (the team name) mattered more than the name on the back of the jersey (the player’s name). He sought out players who believed what he believed, and together, they accomplished the unthinkable.
Here’s Dr. Janice delivering her TEDx talk called “Timing Isn’t Everything. Teaming Is.”